I just pulled these as good questions as I went along making the test. Some of them may apply more to our material than others (I'm thinking of the question about helicase--I don't know if I mentioned that enzyme during our discussion of transcription). Anyway, you can see the answers on this page.

1. Which of the follow is an example of a positive feedback?
A) Shivering to warm up in a cold winter storm
B) A cruise control set on your car applies more gas when going up a hill
C) You sweat on a hot summer’s day and the blood vessels in your skin vasodilate
D) You get cut and platelets form a clot. This in turn activates the fibrin clotting system and more blood forms clots

2. The first law of thermodynamics states that
A) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
B) all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
C) energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
D) in energy yielding reactions, matter goes from a more ordered to a less ordered state.

3. The extra energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds and to initiate a chemical reaction is called:
a. exegonic energy
b. endergonic energy
c. kinetic energy
d. activation energy
e. catalytic energy

4. Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to:
a. lower activation energy
b. raise activation energy
c. supply activation energy
d. supply the reactants

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of enzymes?
A) They function as catalysts.
B) They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions to proceed.
C) The active site of an enzyme has a shape that is specific for its given substrate.
D) Many enzymes utilize cofactors such as vitamins or metal ions.
E) All of the above are true of enzymes.

6. Enzymes are named for their what?
a. coenzyme
b. substrate
c. active site
d. amino acid

7. Following a reaction, the enzyme releases a
a. another enzyme
b. protein
c. product
d. lipid

8. Enzymes and coenzymes are both
a. reusable
b. food sources
c. proteins
d. products

9. As a cell increases in its total size, what happens to the surface area and volume?
a. surface area increases faster than volume
b. volume increases faster than surface area
c. surface area and volume increase at the same rate

10. Which of the following would be considered an organ?
a. the lining of the stomach
b. a liver cell
c. the skin
d. heart muscle tissue
e. the neurons of the brain

11. What is the semi-solid gel within the phospholipid bilayer, but not including the nucleus of a cell.
a) nucleoplasm
b) cytoplasm
c) cytogelatin
d) plasmagel

12. What do your cells have to stabilize their cell membranes?
a. lipid A
b. teichoic acid
c. peptidoglycan
d. a capsule
e. cholesterol

13. The basic repeating structure of a cell membrane is a molecule of:
a. protein
b. peptidoglycan
c. phospholipid
d. chitin
e. polysaccharide

14. The nonpolar tails of phospholipid bilayers are?
a) homeophobic
b) hydrophobic
c) homeopathic
d) hydropathic
e) hydrophilic

15. A kidney transplant is rejected by the recipient’s body. What part of the donor’s kidney cells did the recipient’s immune system recognize as foreign?
a. the phospholipid bilayer
b. the sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane
c. the chromosomes in the nucleus
d. the mitochondria within the cytoplasm
e. the glycoproteins on the cell membrane

16. Where does translation occur?
A) In the Golgi apparatus
B) In the nucleus
C) At a ribosome
D) On the cell membrane
E) In the nucleolus

17. In our cells, where does the energy to add a phosphate group to ADP (to form ATP) come from?
A) enzymes
B) breathing
C) vitamins
D) food we eat
E) none of the above

18. Which of the following is NOT some of the evidence that mitochondria may have at one time been independently living bacteria?
A) Mitochondria can live and reproduce outside of cells in the laboratory.
B) Mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) Mitochondria have their own ribosomes.
D) The sequence of mitochondrial DNA is very similar to bacterial DNA.
E) The mitochondrial ribosomes look more like bacterial ribosomes than eukaryotic ribosomes.

19. Oops—I mixed up my tissue samples and cannot remember which muscle tissue biopsy is from me and which is from Lance Armstrong, the world-famous cyclist. How can I easily distinguish between the two samples under the microscope?
a. Lance’s cells will have more nuclei per cell than mine
b. My muscle cells will be significantly larger than Lance’s
c. Lance’s cells will have smaller lysosomes than mine
d. My cells will have more chromosomes than Lance’s
e. Lance’s cells will have more mitochondria than mine

20. The enzyme helicase:
a. functions during translation
b. is a component of the small subunit of RNA
c. unwinds double-stranded DNA
d. repairs telomeres damaged through aging
e. joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand during transcription

21. A region of a chromosome that codes for a single product is called the?
a. nucleus
b. gene
c. genotype
d. phenotype
e. Y chromosome

22. The process that results in formation of sperm cells and egg cells is termed
A) meiosis
B) mitosis
C) replication
D) fertilization
E) translation

23. Several variant forms of a gene for a given trait are called ______________.
A) autosomes
B) alleles
C) sex chromosomes
D) histones
E) mutations