1. Ketone bodies are derived from ________.
*a. fatty acids
b. glycerol
c. glucose
d. amino acids

2. The conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic acid occurs ______________.
a. in anaerobic respiration.
b. in the heart, where lactic acid can be converted to glucose.
c. in the liver, where lactic acid can be converted to glucose.
d. in both a and b
*e. in both b and c

3. All of the following are formed as a result of the electron-transport chain except:
*a. carbon dioxide
b. oxidized NAD
c. water
d. ATP

4. When glucose is catabolized under aerobic conditions, ________ will cross the mitochondrial wall and enter the Krebs cycle.
a. carbon dioxide
*b.pyruvate
c. lactate
d. acetyl CoA

5. Anaerobic metabolism of glucose results in an oxygen debt that is the amount of oxygen needed to metabolize the ______ that is produced.
a. carbon dioxide
*b. lactic acid
c. glycogen
d. fatty acid

6.Which of the following statements describes the role of the electron transport chain?


8. What amount of Glucose Energy forms ATP bonds?
a. 20%
b. 30%
*c.40%
d. 50%

9. After glycolysis takes place in the cell's cytoplasm, the pyruvic acid molecules travel into the interior of the mitochondrion. Once the pyruvic acid is inside, ___________ is enzymatically removed from each three-carbon pyruvic acid molecule to form acetic acid.
a. oxygen
b. water
*c. carbon dioxide
d. ATP

10. The term _________ state is often used to describe the balance of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a biological system such as a cell or organ.
a. oxidation
*b. redox
c. anaerobic
d. metabolic

11. How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule if it went through the whole cellular respiration cycle? (glycolysis, Krebs cycle , and the electron transport chain)
a. 2
b. 12
*c. 36
d. 46

12. What organic molecule has to be present in order to to go through the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain?
a. protein
*b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. sodium

13. At the end of the electron transport chain oxygen accepts the electron and what is produced?
a. hydrogen
b. glucose
c. ATP
*d. Water

14. The Cori Cycle is an exchange between what two parts of the body?
a. heart and lungs
*b. skeletal muscle and liver
c.brain and kidney
d.heart and stomach

15. What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
a.oxidation gives ATP reduction takes ATP away.
b. oxidation uses white blood cells and reduction red blood cells.
*c. oxidation describes the lost of electrons and reduction described the gain of electrons.
d. none of these above.

16.Aerobic respiration of glucose serves most of the energy needs of the:
*a. brain
b. heart
c. hypothalamus
d. lungs
e. bones

17. When skeletal muscles lack sufficient oxygen, there is an increased blood concentration of _____________.
a. pyruvic acid.
*b. lactic acid
c. ATP
d. glucose