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Chapter 12: Questions with Answers
Muscle: Mechanisms of Contraction and Neural Control
1.What is the main way to maintain muscle tone and body temperature?
a. Muscle twitch
b. regular exercise
c. healthy diet
*d. all of the above
2.What percent of your weight is skeletal muscle tissue?
a. 60%
b. 20%
c. 90%
*d. 40%
3.What are the three types of muscle tissue?
a.smooth
b.cardiac
c.rough
d.skeletal
*e. a,b and d
4.Which is not an example of where you would find smooth muscle tissue?
a.heart
b.uterus
*c.esophagus
d.eye
5. Which of these muscles have motor units with the highest innervation ratio?
a. leg muscles
b. arm muscles
*c. muscles that move the fingers
d. muscles of the trunk
6. Spastic paralysis may occur when there is damage to __________.
a. the lower motor neurons.
*b. the upper motor neurons.
c. either the lower or the upper motor neurons.
7. What causes myosin to release from actin once a muscle fiber has finished contracting?
*a. ATP
b. ADP
c. Calcium
d. Glucose
e. Nothing, it lets go once it has finished.
8. Fast-twitch fibers have less ________ than slow-twitch fibers?
a. Melanin
b. Mitochondria
c. Myoglobin
d. A and C
*e. B and C
9. The sarcolemma in skeletal muscle is analogous to the:
a. Cytoplasm
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Nucleus
d. Mitochondria
*e. Cell Membrane
10. Within a muscle the fibers are divided into larger bundles called ____, each surrounded by its own connective tissue sheath.
a. sarcomeres
b. sarcolemmas
c. myofibers
*d. fascicles
11. The term ____ is synonymous with muscle cell.
*a. myofiber
b. sarcomere
c. myofibril
d. fascicle
12. Skeletal muscle cells are different from other cells in that they
a. lack smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. have no mitochondria
*c. have multiple nuclei
d. depend entirely on anaerobic respiration
13. Skeletal muscle cells are striated that is, they have alternating dark and light bands called ____, respectively.
*a. A and I bands
b. H and M bands
c. Z and M lines
d. I and H bands
14. Contraction in a muscle occurs because the
a. thin filaments get shorter
b. thick filaments get shorter
*c. thin filaments slide between the thick filaments
d. titin proteins pull on opposite ends of the sarcomere
15. The region of the resting sarcomere where the thin and thick filaments are overlapping is seen in the
a. narrow dark line know as the Z line
b. dark color of the I bands
c. lighter region of the I bands
*d. dark color of the A bands
16. What is the definition of a Motor Unit?
a. somatic motor neuron
b. a group of muscle fibers in the arm
*c. somatic motor neuron, together with all the muscle fibers this neuron innervates.
d. an autonomic nerve in colon, together with all the muscle fibers it innervates.
e. either c or d
17. ATP attaches to the myocin head releasing it from actin. At this point what happens if calcium ions still are present?
a. nothing because the myocin is power hungry.
b. the ATP combines with a phosphate attaching to the actin and contracts.
*c. ATP is hydronized into ADP and a phosphate and myocin moves up to actin dropping P and with the power stored from ADP causes filaments to slide.
d. b or c
18. A muscle cell contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). True or False.
a. True, all cells have an ER
*b. False, A muscle cell contains a Sarcoplasmic Reticulum not an ER.
19. What organ in the body has the unique ability to stretch several times greater than its original size for an extended period of time and then return to normal size without any harm to the organ?
a. colon
b. stomach
*c. uterus
d. bladder
20. A 1 microgram dose of what bacterium is lethal for humans, but today is used in microscopic units for therapeutic and cosmetic treatments.
a. Penicillin
b. Salmonella
*c.Clostridium Botulinum
d. Botox
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